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When pharmacological effects are seen immediately and are directly related to the drug concen­tration, a pharmacodynamic model is applied to characterize the relationship between drug con­centrations and effect. For more on Phoenix’s PK models, see “Pharmacoki­netic models”. The PK models are one to three compartment models with intravenous or first-order absorption, and can be used with or without a lag time to the start of absorption. Phoenix includes a library of nineteen pharmacokinetic (PK) models. For more on Phoenix’s PD models, see “Pharmacodynamic models”. The PD models include sim­ple and sigmoidal Emax models, and inhibitory effect models. Phoenix includes a library of eight pharmacodynamic (PD) models. Information on required constants is available in “Dosing constants for the Michaelis-Menten model”. For more on Phoenix’s Michaelis-Menten models, see “Michaelis-Menten models”. Phoenix’s Michaelis-Menten models are one-compartment models with intravenous or 1st order absorption, and can be used with or without a lag time to the start of absorption.

Refer to “Linear Mixed Effects” for more sophisticated linear models. See “Linear models” for more details on available models. Phoenix includes a selection of models that are linear in the parameters. See “Indirect Response models” for more details. These models are based on the effects (inhibition or stimulation) that drugs have on the factors controlling either the input or the dissipation of drug response. Refer to “An example of individual modeling with Phoenix model” for an illustration of how a dataset can be fitted to a two-com­partment model with first-order absorption in the pharmacokinetic model library using either the Win­Nonlin PK Model or a Phoenix Model GUI.Ĭhoose from Hill, Weibull, Double Weibull, or Makoid-Banakar dissolution models.įour basic models have been developed for characterizing indirect pharmacodynamic responses after drug administration. See “PK model options” in the Phoenix NLME documentation for more information.

This is done by setting up a Phoenix Model object for individual modeling and using the Set WNL Model button to select the model.

Many of the WinNonlin Models can be run using the NLME engine (even if you do not have an NLME license). WinNonlin Classic models include the following.